Popular Styles
APA (American Psychological Association) style is most frequently used within the social sciences, in order to cite various sources. This APA Citation Guide, revised according to the 6th edition of the APA manual, provides the general format for in-text citations and the reference page. R: List the secondary source that quotes or discusses the material you are referring to (cite using the appropriate reference-list format for the source type—book, journal article, etc.) T: Include citation of secondary source, using the appropriate in-text format for the source type—book, journal article, etc.
Glossary of Selected Terms
Annotation | A short review or description of what you are citing. |
Date Accessed | When an online work was viewed. |
Electronically Published | When content was published online or electronically. This date is not always present on a webpage. |
Place of Publication | Location of the publisher. Depending on the source or style, you may or may not need to know the city, state, or country. |
Publisher/Sponsor | Company, individual, or entity that helped get a work published or distributed. |
Suffix | Letters/Abbreviations at the end of a name that tells us more about an individual. For example, Jr. (junior), III (third in family with a name), Esq. (esquire), etc. |
Title | Name given to a source that identifies it. |
URL | Link or address of a webpage. One example is http://www.citationmachine.net/. |
Medium | How a source or content piece was distributed or presented. Here is one example: E-book: Other - PDF, CSV, Word Doc, etc. |
Contributor | Someone or an organization that helped produce a certain work. For example, a film director, dance choreographer, orchestra conductor, etc. |
Author | Creator (often writer) of a piece such as a book, script, play, article, podcast, comic, etc. |
Include an in-text citation when you refer to, summarize, paraphrase, or quote from another source. For every in-text citation in your paper, there must be a corresponding entry in your reference list.
How To Cite User Manual
APA in-text citation style uses the author's last name and the year of publication, for example: (Field, 2005). For direct quotations, include the page number as well, for example: (Field, 2005, p. 14). For sources such as websites and e-books that have no page numbers, use a paragraph number. More information on citing sources without pagination is given on the APA Style web page.
Example paragraph with in-text citation
A few researchers in the linguistics field have developed training programs designed to improve native speakers' ability to understand accented speech (Derwing, Rossiter, & Munro, 2002; Thomas, 2004). Their training techniques are based on the research described above indicating that comprehension improves with exposure to non-native speech. Derwing et al. (2002) conducted their training with students preparing to be social workers, but note that other professionals who work with non-native speakers could benefit from a similar program.
References
Derwing, T. M., Rossiter, M. J., & Munro, M. J. (2002). Teaching native speakers to listen to foreign-accented speech. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 23(4), 245-259.
How To Cite The Apa Manual Itself
Thomas, H. K. (2004). Training strategies for improving listeners' comprehension of foreign-accented speech (Doctoral dissertation). University of Colorado, Boulder.